Does the beach kill or heal diseases?
Infectious disease transmission in terrestrial beach habitats can occur through direct contact with microorganisms in the sand or by the transfer of germs from water to sand in the swash or intertidal zone. Pathogens can be transmitted by a variety of methods, including cutaneous contact, contact with the eyes and ears, inhalation, and ingestion. Recent research suggests that direct contact with beach sands might increase the risk of infectious illness, especially in youngsters. Several investigations have documented the presence of harmful bacteria in beach sands, indicating that sand might serve as a possible reservoir for disease aetiological agents. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths (worms), and fungus are just a few of the dangerous species found in sand. Pathogenic bacteria found in beach sands, for example, include Vibrio vulnificus Campylobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus , including methicillin-resistant forms. By culture, enterovirus has been dis...